问题现象

AttributeError: module 'pkgutil' has no attribute 'ImpImporter'. Did you mean: 'zipimporter'?
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 7, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
             ~~~~^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main.py", line 70, in main
    return command.main(cmd_args)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 101, in main
    return self._main(args)
           ~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 216, in _main
    self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 179, in handle_pip_version_check
    session = self._build_session(
        options,
    ...<6 lines>...
        fallback_to_certifi=True,
    )
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 125, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
        cache=os.path.join(cache_dir, "http") if cache_dir else None,
    ...<3 lines>...
        ssl_context=ssl_context,
    )
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\session.py", line 343, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\session.py", line 175, in user_agent
    setuptools_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("setuptools")
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\importlib\_envs.py", line 188, in get_distribution
    return next(matches, None)
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\importlib\_envs.py", line 185, in <genexpr>
    for distribution in self.iter_all_distributions()
                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\base.py", line 612, in iter_all_distributions
    for dist in self._iter_distributions():
                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\importlib\_envs.py", line 176, in _iter_distributions
    for dist in finder.find_eggs(location):
                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\importlib\_envs.py", line 146, in find_eggs
    yield from self._find_eggs_in_zip(location)
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\metadata\importlib\_envs.py", line 123, in _find_eggs_in_zip
    from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_eggs_in_zip
  File "D:\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 2164, in <module>
    register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: module 'pkgutil' has no attribute 'ImpImporter'. Did you mean: 'zipimporter'?

问题原因​

  1. ​Python 3版本不兼容​
    pkgutil.ImpImporter是Python 2时代的导入机制类，​Python 3中已弃用并移除。若代码或依赖包（如setuptools）仍尝试调用此属性，会直接报错。

  2. ​旧版setuptools/pip的兼容性问题​
    错误堆栈中涉及pip._vendor.pkg_resources模块，该模块属于setuptools的一部分。旧版本的setuptools可能未适配Python 3.12等新版本解释器，导致依赖冲突。

  3. ​虚拟环境污染或配置错误​
    当前报错路径显示问题出现在虚拟环境（D:\fiberhome\project\pycorrector_kenlm\venv\）中，可能是虚拟环境创建时使用了不兼容的Python版本或包缓存。

​解决方案​

1. ​升级关键依赖包​

更新pip和setuptools到最新版本，确保兼容Python 3.12+：

# 激活虚拟环境后执行
pip install --upgrade pip setuptools

若升级失败，可尝试强制重装：

pip uninstall setuptools -y && pip install setuptools --no-cache-dir

2. ​检查Python版本​

  • ​Python 3.12可能存在兼容性问题​：部分库（如旧版setuptools）尚未完全适配Python 3.12。可尝试降级到Python 3.11​（已验证稳定）。

  • ​创建新虚拟环境​：使用Python 3.11新建虚拟环境，避免旧环境残留：

    python3.11 -m venv new_venv
source new_venv/bin/activate  # Linux/macOS
new_venv\Scripts\activate    # Windows

3. ​清理缓存并重试​

损坏的缓存可能导致依赖解析失败：

pip cache purge  # 清理缓存
pip install 你的包名 --no-cache-dir  # 跳过缓存安装

4. ​替代依赖管理（备选方案）​​

若问题持续，可能是setuptools内部逻辑与新环境冲突。可尝试：

  • 使用conda管理环境（尤其涉及C扩展的包）：

    conda create -n myenv python=3.11
conda activate myenv
conda install 你的包名

  • 使用poetry或pipenv替代原生pip。

​验证与扩展建议​

  • ​测试代码兼容性​：运行python -c "import pkgutil; print(pkgutil.__all__)"，确认当前Python版本中pkgutil的属性列表是否包含zipimporter（替代方案）。

  • ​检查项目依赖​：若使用requirements.txt，确保所有包版本明确指定（如setuptools>=68.0.0）。